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Melarsomine (Immiticide) for Canine Heartworm Disease Treatment

Published on September 10, 2024
Updated on November 5, 2025
Reviewed by Petco's Veterinarian Team

An arsenic-containing compound used in the treatment of heartworm infections in dogs.

Summary

Used For:

Used to treat heartworm infections in dogs

Brands:

Immiticide, Diroban

Species:

Dogs

Other names:

Drug type:

Anti-parasitic

Prescription required:

Yes

Pregnancy and lactation:

Safe use in breeding, pregnant, or lactating dogs has not been evaluated.

Side effects:

Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site. Coughing, gagging, depression, lethargy

FDA Approved:

Yes

General description

Melarsomine is indicated for the treatment of stabilized heartworm disease caused by immature (4 month old, stage L5) to mature adult infections of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs.

Uses

Heartworm infections in dogs

How it works

Melarsomine contains arsenic which kills both the adult heartworm and immature heartworm greater than 4 months old.

Dosage

Dogs

2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight deep intramuscular injection into the lumbar epaxial muscles (L3-L5) twice 24 hours apart (2-injection protocol) or 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight deep intramuscular injection into the lumbar epaxial muscles (L3-L5) followed by two injections given 24 hours apart 1 month later (3-injection protocol).

Forms

50 milligram melarsomine powder in a vial for reconstitution with 2 milliliters sterile water.

Storage information & handling

Store at room temperature. Protect from freezing.

Use immediately or the solution may be stored under refrigeration and kept from light in the original vial and used within 24 hours.

Keep out of reach of children and animals.

What results can I expect?

Resolution of heartworm infection

Missed Dosage

Doses must be administered by a veterinarian according to treatment protocol.

Overdose / acute toxicity

Melarsomine has a low margin of safety. Signs of overdose include:

  • Respiratory inflammation and distress
  • Excessive salivation
  • Restlessness
  • Panting
  • Vomiting
  • Edema
  • Tremors
  • Lethargy
  • Ataxia
  • Cyanosis
  • Stupor
  • Death

Side effects

May include:

  • Injection site reactions (pain, swelling, tenderness, reluctance to move)
  • Coughing/gagging
  • Depression/lethargy
  • Anorexia/inappetence
  • Fever
  • Lung congestion
  • Vomiting
  • Excessive salivation

Contraindications

Do not use in dogs with:

  • Previous sensitivity to melarsomine
  • Class IV (very severe) heartworm disease

Drug interactions

Aspirin and CNS depressant drugs may interact with melarsomine.

Precaution

Older dogs may be more susceptible to adverse effects than younger dogs.

Do not administer intravenously or subcutaneously as significant toxicity or tissue damage may occur.

Animals with other diseases should be treated only with intense monitoring.

The dog must be kept quiet (cage rest) for 4-6 weeks after treatment to help decrease the risk of pulmonary embolism.

Obtain an accurate body weight prior to treating.

Sources

Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook

VIN Veterinary Drug Handbook

Disclaimer
The information contained on this page is for educational purposes only. This medication should only be given under the advice of a veterinarian who has examined your pet under the laws applicable to your state of residence.

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