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Epinephrine for Pets: Emergency Anaphylaxis & Cardiac Resuscitation

Published on September 10, 2024
Updated on November 5, 2025
Reviewed by Petco's Veterinarian Team

Medication used in anaphylaxis and cardiac resuscitation

Summary

Used For:

Anaphylaxis, cardiac resuscitation

Brands:

Epipen, Adrenaline

Species:

Dogs and cats and other animals

Other names:

Drug type:

Anti-cholinergic

Prescription required:

Yes

Pregnancy and lactation:

Should not be used in pregnant animals, safe use is not established in nursing neonates

Side effects:

Anxiety, tremors, excitability, vomiting, hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis

General description

Epinephrine is primarily used to treat anaphylaxis (severe, immediate allergic reactions to insect bites, drugs and other allergens) and for cardiac resuscitation in dogs, cats and other pets.

Uses

Anaphylaxis, cardiac resuscitation

How it works

Epinephrine antagonizes the effects of histamine, raises blood sugar, increases heart rate and contractility, and increases systolic blood pressure.

Dosage

Epinephrine comes in two main concentrations: 1:1,000 and 1:10,000. Do NOT confuse the concentrations when determining the correct dose.

Dogs, cardiac resuscitation: high-dose (0.1- milligrams per kilogram) or low-dose (0.01- milligrams per kilogram) by intravenous, intratracheal or intraosseous injection.

Dogs, anaphylactoid shock : 0.1-0.5ml(total dose, NOT mg/kg) IM or SC using epinephrine 1mg/ml solution

Cats, cardiac resuscitation : high-dose (0.1- milligrams per kilogram) or low-dose (0.01- milligrams per kilogram) by intravenous, intratracheal or intraosseous injection.

Cats, anaphylactoid shock 0.1-0.5ml(total dose, NOT mg/kg) IM or SC using epinephrine 1mg/ml solution

Forms

Available in 1:1000, 1:2000 and 1:10,000 vials and pens for injection.

Storage information & handling

Store in a tight container protected from light.

What results can I expect?

If the medication works, resolution in symptoms should resolve within minutes. May require re-dosing.

Missed Dosage

Epinephrine is not used as a scheduled-dose medication.

Overdose / acute toxicity

Overdoses can cause a sharp rise in blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, pulmonary edema and difficulty breathing, vomiting, headache, chest pain, cerebral hemorrhage, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and cold skin.

Side effects

May include:

  • Anxiety
  • Tremors
  • Excitability
  • Vomiting
  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hyperuricemia
  • Lactic acidosis

Contraindications

Do not use epinephrine in the following situations:

  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Shock due to non-anaphylactoid causes
  • During general anesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons
  • During labor
  • Cardiac dilatation or coronary insufficiency
  • Cases where vasopressor drugs are contraindicated

Drug interactions

The following may interact with epinephrine:

  • Alpha-blockers
  • General anesthetics
  • Antihistamines
  • Beta-blockers
  • Digoxin, nitrates
  • Levothyroxine
  • Oxytocic agents
  • Sympathomimetic agents
  • Phenothiazines
  • Reserpine
  • Tricyclic antidepressants

Precaution

Use caution in animals with hypovolemia.

Use extreme caution in animals with prefibrillatory cardiac rhythms.

Sources

Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook

Manufacturer information: Mylan - EpiPen

Disclaimer
The information contained on this page is for educational purposes only. This medication should only be given under the advice of a veterinarian who has examined your pet under the laws applicable to your state of residence.

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